Chemistry

In hydrolysis reactions, compounds react with water, causing decomposition.

What is Hydrolysis?

Hydrolysis is the decomposition of a substance in water. This process occurs when an acid or base reacts with water, forming another substance and releasing heat energy.

For example, salt (sodium chloride) will react with water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen gas:

NaCl + H 2 O → NaOH + H 2

The salt breaks down into its base and acid components, which then combine to form sodium hydroxide (lye) and hydrogen gas.

Explanation: Hydrolysis reactions involve the cleavage of a chemical bond by the addition of water. It usually involves an ester, amide, or carbonic acid (or its derivatives) and is industrially very important as it is involved in saponification (the breakdown of fats into soap).

Compounds react with water to form hydrogen ions and the compound in its ionized (or hydrated) state. Examples – Sodium bisulfate, or sodium hydrogen sulfite reacts with water by giving sodium ions and sulfuric acid esters.

Polar bonds or polar molecules best describe the polarity of BrF5.

What is polarity?

The polarity of a molecule is its ability to dissolve in water. Polar molecules are soluble in water, while non–polar molecules are insoluble in water.

Water has polar properties because it contains both positive and negative charges (or electrons) that attract opposite charges on the opposite side of the molecule.

The polar molecule dissolves in water because the polarity of the molecule fits with that of the water.

Explain the polarity of BrF5

BrF5 has five fluorine atoms, each with one electron in its outer shell. The lone pairs of electrons on the fluorine atoms are not assigned to any particular molecule but instead form a bond between all of the fluorines.

This makes BrF5 a polar molecule because it contains significantly more electrons than protons, which are positive charges. The polar molecule dissolves in water because water has positively and negatively charged areas that hold the molecules together.

Removal of carbon particles from air involves the principle of Electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is a process in which charged particles move under the influence of an electric field. These particles are moved according to their charge and mass.

For example, when you rub your hand on velvet fabric, you can observe that all dust particles fall off due to electrostatic force between the dust particle and the fabric.

This is because all the dust particles are negatively charged while velvet fabric is positively charged.

The adsorption process involves applying a positive charge to the carbon nanoparticles in order to pull them toward an electrode.

A negatively charged counter electrode helps by pulling back on the carbon particles, moving them against their own electric field, and forcing them out of the filter.

The process is repeated thousands of times, with the carbon particles getting smaller and smaller as they pass through more filters. The clean air that comes through is then ready to be inhaled by people or used in industrial processes.